Author: A. Mendelson, MD

The hypopharynx forms the most inferior portion of the pharynx, being the continuation of the oropharynx superiorly and esophagus inferiorly. Medical imaging of this anatomical region provides essential diagnostic information…

Your ethmoid sinus is an air-filled space between your eyes that appears on CT scans and other imaging studies of this region. When your radiology report mentions this area, it…

Your maxillary sinuses are the largest air-filled spaces in your face, located beneath your eyes in your cheekbones. When imaging shows abnormalities in these areas, it usually indicates infection, inflammation,…

The retropharyngeal space is an important area in your neck that doctors frequently examine using medical imaging like CT scans and MRI. When this space appears on your radiology report,…

A posterior shoulder dislocation occurs when the upper arm bone moves backward out of its shoulder socket. While this injury represents only 2-5% of all shoulder dislocations, it poses unique…

Dextroscoliosis describes an abnormal spinal curvature that bends to the right side of the body. This condition appears on radiology reports when the spine shows a lateral curve measuring 10…

Levoscoliosis is a lateral spinal curvature that bends toward the left side of the body. This condition appears on imaging studies including X-rays, CT scans, and MRI examinations. Radiologists identify…

Cervical instability is a condition where the bones and joints in your neck spine cannot maintain proper alignment during movement. This condition appears on medical imaging studies including X-rays, MRI…

When you receive a radiology report mentioning a C1 fracture, it refers to a break in the first cervical vertebra, also known as the atlas bone. This ring-shaped bone sits…

Bertolotti syndrome is a spinal condition where the lowest vertebra in your back forms an abnormal connection with your pelvis. This anatomical variation can cause chronic lower back pain and…

Radiology reports of the neck sometimes mention the aryepiglottic folds. The aryepiglottic fold is an important part of your throat anatomy that plays a role in breathing, swallowing, and voice…

A ranula is a fluid-filled cyst that develops under the tongue when salivary glands become blocked or damaged. This condition appears on radiology reports as a well-defined, fluid-containing structure in…