Author: A. Mendelson, MD

A posterior shoulder dislocation occurs when the upper arm bone moves backward out of its shoulder socket. While this injury represents only 2-5% of all shoulder dislocations, it poses unique…

Dextroscoliosis describes an abnormal spinal curvature that bends to the right side of the body. This condition appears on radiology reports when the spine shows a lateral curve measuring 10…

Levoscoliosis is a lateral spinal curvature that bends toward the left side of the body. This condition appears on imaging studies including X-rays, CT scans, and MRI examinations. Radiologists identify…

Cervical instability is a condition where the bones and joints in your neck spine cannot maintain proper alignment during movement. This condition appears on medical imaging studies including X-rays, MRI…

When you receive a radiology report mentioning a C1 fracture, it refers to a break in the first cervical vertebra, also known as the atlas bone. This ring-shaped bone sits…

Bertolotti syndrome is a spinal condition where the lowest vertebra in your back forms an abnormal connection with your pelvis. This anatomical variation can cause chronic lower back pain and…

Radiology reports of the neck sometimes mention the aryepiglottic folds. The aryepiglottic fold is an important part of your throat anatomy that plays a role in breathing, swallowing, and voice…

A ranula is a fluid-filled cyst that develops under the tongue when salivary glands become blocked or damaged. This condition appears on radiology reports as a well-defined, fluid-containing structure in…

Silent Sinus Syndrome is a medical condition that causes one of your facial sinuses to gradually collapse inward. This condition appears on CT scans and MRI reports when radiologists identify…

Lingual thyroid is a rare developmental condition where thyroid tissue remains at the base of the tongue instead of migrating to its normal position in the neck. This occurs in…

Tonsillar hypertrophy is a medical term that describes enlarged tonsils and can be visible on imaging studies such as CT scans, MRI, or X-rays. This condition occurs when the tonsils…