Brain, Neck & Spine

Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is a common finding on spine imaging studies, particularly in patients over 50 years of age. This condition refers to the abnormal thickening of the ligamentum flavum,…

Endplate sclerosis is a common finding on spine imaging reports that refers to increased bone density at the vertebral endplates. This radiological observation appears frequently in patients undergoing spine imaging…

Parotitis refers to inflammation of the parotid glands, which are the largest salivary glands located in front of each ear. When this condition appears on your radiology report, it indicates…

Pansinusitis is term used in radiology reports indicating inflammation or infection in all your sinus cavities simultaneously. When you see this term, it means the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid…

A Tornwaldt cyst is a benign, fluid-filled sac located at the back of the nasal passage where it connects to the throat. This finding on your radiology report is typically…

Spondylosis and spondylolysis are two spine conditions that commonly appear on radiology reports, but they represent entirely different problems. Spondylosis refers to age-related degeneration of the spine, while spondylolysis is…

Wharton’s Duct is the tube that carries saliva from your submandibular gland to your mouth. It’s examined in radiology when patients have pain or swelling under the jaw, especially during…

Foraminal narrowing is a frequent finding on spine imaging studies. It refers to the narrowing of nerve exit pathways between vertebrae. This article explains the radiological appearance of foraminal narrowing…

The transverse process can be mentioned in radiology reports of the spine. When this term appears in your medical report, it represents specific bony projections that extend from the vertebrae…

The spinous process can be mentioned in X-ray, CT or MRI studies of the spine. This bony projection extends from the back of each vertebra in your spine and serves…

Sialoadenosis is a radiological finding that indicates diffuse, bilateral, noninflammatory, nonneoplastic enlargement of the major salivary glands.  This condition represents an abnormal enlargement of salivary tissue without inflammation or tumor…