Zygomatic Process

ByA. Mendelson, MD
Please read the disclaimer

The zygomatic process is a bony projection in the skull that helps form the cheekbone and part of the eye socket. It is a normal structure seen on imaging studies like X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs. When it appears in a radiology report, it usually means the radiologist is describing its normal appearance or pointing out abnormalities such as fractures, bone growths, or lesions. Understanding what the zygomatic process is and how it looks on imaging can help patients better interpret their reports.

What Is the Zygomatic Process?

The zygomatic process is a thin extension of bone that connects the cheekbone (zygomatic bone) with other bones in the face and skull. There are several types, depending on the bone it comes from:

  • Zygomatic process of the temporal bone – extends from the temporal bone toward the cheekbone.

  • Zygomatic process of the maxilla – extends from the upper jawbone toward the cheekbone.

  • Zygomatic process of the frontal bone – extends from the forehead bone toward the cheekbone.

These processes form part of the bony framework of the face, contributing to facial shape, eye socket support, and jaw joint structure.

Why the Zygomatic Process Appears on Imaging

Radiologists often mention the zygomatic process when:

  • Assessing facial fractures after trauma.

  • Checking for tumors or cysts in facial bones.

  • Evaluating sinus disease that may extend to surrounding bone.

  • Looking for infections (osteomyelitis) in the facial bones.

  • Comparing symmetry between the left and right sides of the face.

Even in healthy patients, the zygomatic process is visible on standard imaging and serves as an important anatomical landmark.

Imaging Techniques for the Zygomatic Process

X-ray

Facial X-rays can show the outline of the zygomatic process, but details are often limited. It is still useful for detecting obvious fractures or large lesions.

CT Scan

CT scans provide detailed 3D images of the zygomatic process, making them the gold standard for assessing fractures, bone erosion, or structural changes. Thin slices allow radiologists to see even tiny breaks  or bone displacement.

MRI

MRI focuses more on soft tissues, but it can still show changes in the bone marrow of the zygomatic process. It is used when tumors, infections, or inflammatory conditions are suspected.

Common Conditions Involving the Zygomatic Process

Fractures

Facial trauma, such as from sports injuries, falls, or accidents, can cause fractures. CT scans are the most accurate way to detect these breaks and determine if surgery is needed.

Bone Tumors or Cysts

While rare, benign tumors like osteomas or malignant lesions like sarcomas can involve the zygomatic process. These appear as abnormal growths or areas of bone destruction on imaging.

Sinus Extension

Infections or tumors from the maxillary sinus can spread toward the zygomatic process, leading to bone changes.

Degenerative or Inflammatory Changes

Conditions such as arthritis affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can impact the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.

Normal Variations in Imaging

Not all irregularities mean disease. Some people naturally have thicker, thinner, or differently shaped zygomatic processes. Radiologists compare with the opposite side and consider the patient’s history before labeling changes as abnormal.

Zygomatic Process in Dental and Sinus Imaging

Dentists and oral surgeons frequently see the zygomatic process on panoramic dental X-rays. It serves as a reference point during implant planning and sinus evaluations.

When Further Tests Are Needed

If the radiology report mentions abnormalities in the zygomatic process, follow-up might include:

  • Additional CT or MRI scans for more detail.

  • Biopsy if a tumor is suspected.

  • Referral to an ENT, oral surgeon, or maxillofacial specialist for surgical evaluation.

What Patients Should Know

  • The zygomatic process is a normal part of the skull seen on most imaging.

  • Most mentions in reports are simply anatomical references.

  • If abnormalities are noted, they are usually related to injury, infection, or rare bone disease.

  • CT scans give the clearest view of its structure.

Conclusion

The zygomatic process is a key structural component of the face and plays a role in the cheekbone, jaw joint, and eye socket. On imaging, it serves as a landmark and can reveal signs of injury, disease, or normal variation. When it appears in your radiology report, it often reflects normal anatomy, but it can also guide doctors in diagnosing facial conditions. Understanding its role can help you read your imaging results with greater confidence.

References

https://radiopaedia.org/articles/zygomatic-arch?lang=us

https://radiopaedia.org/articles/zygomatic-bone-2?lang=us

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549898/

Disclaimer: The content of this website is provided for general informational purposes only and is not intended as, nor should it be considered a substitute for, professional medical advice. Do not use the information on this website for diagnosing or treating any medical or health condition. If you have or suspect you have a medical problem, promptly contact your professional healthcare provider.

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